STOCK MARKET

Understand Companies. Explore Global Markets.

Learn how stocks work, understand global equity markets and explore concepts including market indices, growth companies, dividends, valuation and investment risk.

Global Equities Explore listed companies
Market Indices S&P 500, Nasdaq & more
Dividends Understand shareholder returns
S&P
MAIN STOCK MARKET S&P 500 U.S. Large-Cap Equity Index
LIVE
NQ
Nasdaq 100 Technology-focused index
INDEX
DJ
Dow Jones Major U.S. companies
INDEX
A
Apple Large-cap technology stock
STOCK
NYSE
New York Stock Exchange One of the world's major exchanges
NDAQ
Nasdaq Home to many technology companies
500
S&P 500 Large-cap U.S. market benchmark
%
Market Risk Prices can rise and fall
STOCK MARKET BASICS

What Are Stocks?

Stocks represent ownership in a company. When investors buy shares, they acquire a small ownership interest in that business and participate in its potential growth and financial performance.

COMPANY OWNERSHIP 01
SHARE OWNERSHIP

A Stock Is a Piece of a Company.

Public companies divide ownership into shares. Investors can purchase these shares through stock exchanges, giving them exposure to the company's future performance.

COMPANY 100%
Share
Share
Share
Share
02

Market Capitalization

Market capitalization represents the total market value of a company's outstanding shares.

Share Price × Shares Outstanding = Market Cap
03

Dividends

Some companies distribute part of their profits to shareholders through regular dividend payments.

COMPANY PROFIT → Dividend → Investor
04

Capital Gains

Investors may profit when the value of a stock increases above the price they originally paid for the shares.

BUY $100
SELL $125
+25%
05

Stock Market Risk

Stock prices can fall as well as rise. Company performance, economic conditions, interest rates and market sentiment can all influence prices.

IMPORTANT Returns are never guaranteed.
TYPES OF STOCK

Common vs. Preferred Shares

Companies can issue different classes of stock, each with different shareholder rights and benefits.

01
C
COMMON STOCK

Ownership & Voting

Common shareholders typically participate in company ownership and may receive voting rights on corporate matters.

  • Potential voting rights
  • Potential dividend payments
  • Exposure to company growth
02
P
PREFERRED STOCK

Income Priority

Preferred shareholders often receive priority for dividend payments but may have limited or no voting rights.

  • Dividend priority
  • Different shareholder rights
  • Often income focused
COMPANY SIZE

Market Cap Categories

Investors often group companies according to their total market capitalization.

01 LARGE

Large-Cap

Established companies with relatively large market valuations.

02 MID

Mid-Cap

Medium-sized companies often positioned between established and emerging businesses.

03 SMALL

Small-Cap

Smaller public companies that may offer higher growth potential alongside greater risk.

Investing involves risk.

Stock prices can fluctuate significantly. Diversification, research and risk management should be considered before making investment decisions.

STOCK CATEGORIES

Different Stocks. Different Strategies.

Stocks can behave very differently depending on the company, industry, growth profile and dividend policy. Understanding these categories can help investors evaluate opportunities more clearly.

01
GROWTH

Growth Stocks

Companies expected to expand revenue and earnings faster than the broader market.

FOCUS Expansion
DIVIDENDS Often Lower
02
VALUE

Value Stocks

Companies that investors may consider undervalued relative to earnings, assets or future potential.

FOCUS Valuation
STYLE Long Term
03
INCOME

Dividend Stocks

Companies that distribute a portion of profits to shareholders through dividend payments.

FOCUS Income
RETURN Dividend Yield
04
ESTABLISHED

Blue-Chip Stocks

Large, established companies with significant market presence and long operating histories.

PROFILE Established
SIZE Large-Cap
05
ECONOMIC CYCLE

Cyclical Stocks

Companies whose performance can be closely connected to changes in the broader economy.

DRIVER Economy
VOLATILITY Can Vary
06
DEFENSIVE

Defensive Stocks

Businesses providing essential goods or services that may remain in demand across economic cycles.

FOCUS Stability
SECTORS Essentials
INVESTMENT APPROACH

Trading vs. Investing.

Market participants can approach stocks in different ways. Some focus on shorter-term price movement while others focus on long-term company performance.

SHORTER TERM

Stock Trading

Focuses more heavily on price movement, momentum, technical analysis and market timing.

  • Price action
  • Technical analysis
  • Shorter holding periods
LONGER TERM

Stock Investing

Focuses more on business quality, earnings, valuation and long-term company growth.

  • Company fundamentals
  • Long-term growth
  • Potential dividends
STOCK ANALYSIS

Two Ways to Study a Stock.

Many investors combine fundamental and technical analysis when evaluating potential opportunities.

01
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS

Study the Business

Examines company earnings, revenue, debt, valuation, competitive position and broader economic conditions.

02
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

Study the Price

Focuses on charts, trends, momentum, support, resistance, volume and historical price behaviour.

!
Different stock categories carry different risks.

Growth potential, dividend payments, market size or company reputation do not guarantee future returns. Investors should evaluate risk alongside potential reward.